The impact of pre-spawning conditions of the black cupid on the reproductive characteristics of females

The conditions of pre-spawning maintenance of black Amur producers (hydrochemical regime of water in a warm channel at the place of installation of cages, the level of flow), biotechnology of reproduction of black amur, biological features of reproductive processes and production characteristics were studied. In the department «Beloozersk» of ОJSC «Experimental fish farm «Selets» of the Brest region of the Republic of Belarus, the level of flow, temperature and hydrochemical regime of water in the channel, at the installation site of cages with producers of black amur fully met the fishbreeding requirements. The water flow velocity in the warm discharge channel of the Berezovskaya hydroelectric power plant was at an optimal level and was 0.50 m/sec, the pH of the medium in the pre-spawning period was also at a stable level of 8.10–8.30, the water temperature was in the range of 10–23°C.
The values of permanganate oxidizability 11.70–13.10 mg O/l, carbon dioxide concentrations 2.80–3.00 mg/l, phosphate content 0.02–0.12 mg/l, iron 0.04–0.17 mg/l, nitrites 0.008–0.101 mg/l and ammonium nitrogen 0.01–0.18 mg/l did not exceed the permissible values. The females had rather high production characteristics. The working fecundity was at the level of 214.87–650.3 thousand eggs, which significantly exceeds the norm for a specific weight category. The relative fecundity was quite high from 15.92 to 60.78 thousand eggs, which is a good result, since the average relative fecundity of black Amur females of different generations in the southern regions of Russia in the 5–6 fish breeding zone is from 30 to 70 thousand eggs. Sufficiently high absolute and relative fecundity of females indicate that the conditions of keeping in the pre-spawning period (temperature, chemical composition of water, flow rate) were favorable for the growth of fish and the preparation of producers for spawning.

1. Balan A.I., Baltadzhi R.A., Prikhod’ko V.A., Ivanov I.N. Methodological recommendations on biotechnology of breeding and cultivation of black amur. Herson, 1976. 12 p. (in Russian).

2. Baltadzhi R.A., Ivanov I.N., Isaevich V.V. The method of obtaining offspring, carrying young black Cupid in the Mironovsky rib nursery. Rybnoe khozyaistvo: respublikanskii mezhvedomstvennyi tematicheskii nauchnyi sbornik [Fish farming: republican interdepartmental thematic scientific collection]. Kiev, 1976, iss. 23, рр. 7–10 (in Russian).

3. Belyaev V.I. Fish farming in warm waters. Spravochnik po rybovodstvu i rybolovstvu [Reference book on fish farming and fishing]. Minsk, 1986, pp. 82–89 (in Russian).

4. Voropaev S.N. Fish-breeding and biological characteristics of the black Amur as an object of artificial reproduction. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Moscow, 1993. 26 p. (in Russian).

5. Kozlov V.I. Handbook of a fish farmer. Moscow, All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 1998. 342 р. (in Russian).

6. All-Union Research Institute of Pond Fisheries. Methodological guidelines for the organization of hydrochemical service in pond fish farms. Moscow, 1976. 115 p. (in Russian).

7. Mukhamedova A.F., Aksenov S.V., Shapovalova N.P.Black Amur in the Tsimlyansk reservoir. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Gosudarstvennogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta ozernogo i rechnogo rybnogo khozyaistva. Vyp. 301. Rastitel’noyadnye ryby v vodoemakh raznogo tipa [Collection of scientific works of the State Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries. Iss. 301. Herbivorous fish in various types of water bodies]. Leningrad, 1989, рр. 149–156 (in Russian).

8. Pravdin I.F. Guide to the study of fish (mainly freshwater). 4th ed. Moscow, Pishchevaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1966. 376 p. (in Russian).

9. Konchits V.V. (ed.). Fish-breeding and biological standards for the operation of pond and cage farms in Belarus. Мinsk, 2011. 85 p. (in Russian).

10. Sazanov V.B. Black Amur in Belarus. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya agrarnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian series, 2006, no. 5, рр. 185–187 (in Russian).

11. Sazanov V.B. Substantiation of technological elements of growing black amur in the polyculture of pond fish farming in Belarus. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Minsk, 2008. 20 p. (in Russian).

12. Technology of breeding and cultivation of black cupid. Moscow, All-Union Research Institute of Pond Fisheries, 1990. 10 p. (in Russian).

13. Titarev E.F. Industrial fish farming. Fish farmer’s library. Available at: https://biblio.arktikfish.com/index.php/ind-ryb (accessed 11.04.2023) (in Russian).

14. Ben-Ami F., Heller J. Biological control of aquatic pest snails by the black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Biological Control, 2001, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.0967

15. Hung N.M., Duc N.V., Stauffer J.R., Madsen H. Use of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in biological control of intermediate host snails of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in nursery ponds in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Parasites and Vectors, 2013, vol. 6, no. 1, art. 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-142

16. Nicо L.G., Neilson M.E. Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846). Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. Available at: https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573 (accessed 12.07.2023).

17. Wui Y.S., Engle C.R. The economic impact of restricting use of black carp for snail control on hybrid striped bass farms. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2007, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1577/A05-088.1