Exterior and genetic features of the belarusian population of sarboyan carp breed

This study focused on mirror carp of the Sarboyan breed, which are part of the collection breeding stock of SPU “Izobelino.” During the research, biological material samples were collected from the senior breeding stock and producers of Sarboyan carp for subsequent molecular-genetic studies. The formation of a selection group of producers was conducted with consideration of the genetic diversity of the individuals, and their assessment was made based on a set of phenotypic characteristics.
It was noted that the fifth and sixth generations of Sarboyan carp from the collection stock retain the characteristic features of the breed standard. The producers are characterized by high condition coefficients (2.96 and 3.34, respectively) and possess a high-backed body shape with a shortened tail stem.
A high degree of heterogeneity was established while studying the senior breeding stock and producers of Sarboyan carp at the transferrin locus. Five alleles were identified: A, A’, B, C, and Y, which form 10 genotypes. In the process of forming the breeding stock of Sarboyan carp, it was decided to mark it with alleles A, A’, B, and C.
To analyze the genetic structure of a sample of the breeding stock of 60 Sarboyan carp, GenAIEx v.6.5 software was used, yielding characteristics such as the mean number of alleles per locus (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), levels of expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, the Shannon information index (I), and fixation index (FIS).
The diversity of alleles was studied across 14 microsatellite loci (MFW1, MFW2, MFW6, MFW9, MFW10, MFW11, MFW13, MFW16, MFW20, MFW24, MFW26, MFW28, MFW29, and Cid0909) in the studied sample. Each locus was represented by either two alleles (heterozygous state) or one allele (homozygous state). It was found that the researched sample of Sarboyan carp identified 187 alleles across the 14 STR loci. The number of alleles in these loci varied from 7 to 20, with a mean of 13.429±0.912.
According to the principal component analysis (PCA) graph, the sample of Sarboyan carp shows significant genetic diversity. Based on the DNA profiling results of the Sarboyan carp samples, it was established that the most genetically diverse were 10 individuals (K ≥ 8), which demonstrated a high level of diversity. At the same time, 8 individuals showed average levels of diversity. No genetically impoverished individuals (K ≤ 4), with low genetic diversity, were found in the sample.
The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed individuals with different frequencies of allelic variants across the studied loci, which could become potential pairs for breeding:
Thus, the calculation of genetic indicators for each individual allows for the identification of promising producers for participation in breeding programs based on their high heterozygosity levels, as well as optimizing the maintenance processes of the breeding stock and selection (pairing for breeding).

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