Results of experiments to determine the possibility of reproduction of ide (Leuciscus idus), obtaining planting material in the conditions of pond farms in Belarus

Pike as an object of pond aquaculture differs in a number of characteristics that distinguish it from other, more widespread objects - carp, herbivorous fish. The consistently high demand for marketable products, high dietary qualities of meat and, along with this, the ability to increase production efficiency due to biological reclamation — the transformation of the substance of low-productive trash fish, which creates conditions for food competition in polyculture conditions, makes pike a desirable object in pond aquaculture. At the same time, a number of existing problems limit the volume of commercial products produceD. This includes, first of all, the low survival rate of juveniles due to cannibalism caused by a shortage of available forage resources at certain stages of juvenile rearing, and other objective factors, and therefore the exploitation of broodstock is often ineffective. Based on these prerequisites, the Institute has planned and is currently implementing a study aimed at increasing production indicators for pike to 25—30 kg/ha during the cultivation of this object in polyculture with carp fish. Such indicators are provided by a number of measures, in particular, rearing pike larvae in various conditions, including using concentrated feed, creating a safe habitat for juvenile pike at the initial stages of its rearing in ponds, and carrying out a number of reclamation measures. At the moment, the project is at the stage of production testing of the draft technological regulations, the development of which required the study of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes in ponds, nutritional characteristics, growth rate and physiological state of certain species using reclamation techniques optimized for the pike growing process, species and quantitative composition of polyculture.

1. Copp G.H., Bianco P.G., Bogutskaya N.G., Eros T., Falka I., Ferreira M.T., Fox M.G., Freyhof J., Gozlan R.E., Grabowska J., et al. To be, or not to be, a nonnative freshwater fish. J Appl Ichthyol 2005, no.21, pp. 242–262.

2. Brabrand Е. Food of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and ide (Leusiscus idus): significance of diet shift for interspecific competition in omnivorous fishes. Oecologia, 1985, no. 66, pp. 461–467.

3. Kulэskova P., Horky P., Slavэk O., Jones J.I. Factors influencing movement behaviour and home range size in ide Leuciscus idus. J Fish Biol, 2009, no.74, pp. 1269–1279.

4. Rohtla M., Svirgsden R., Taal I., Saks L., Eschbaum R., Vetemaa M. Life-history characteristics of ide Leuciscus idus in the Eastern Baltic Sea. Fish Manag Ecol, 2015, no. 22, pp. 239–248.

5. Krejszeff S., Targonska K., Zarski D., Kucharczyk D. Domestication affects spawning of the ide (Leuciscus idus) — preliminary study. Aquaculture, 2009, no.295(1–2), pp. 145–147.

6. Kupren K., Mamcarz A.A., Kucharczyk D.D. Effects of temperature on survival, deformations rate and selected parameters of newly hatched larvae of three rheophilic cyprinids (genus Leuciscus). Pol J Natur Sci., 2010, no. 25(3), pp. 299–312.

7. Jarvalt A., Palm A., Turovski A. Ide, Leuciscus idus (L.). In: Ojaveer E., Pihu E., Saat T., editors. Fishes of Estonia. Tallinn (Estonia): Estonian Academy Publishers, 2009, pp. 179–183.

8. Stеhlberg S., Svanberg I. Catching basking ide, Leuciscus idus (L.), in the Baltic Sea: fishing and local knowledge in the Finnish and Swedish Archipelagos. J. North Stud. 2011, no.5(2), pp. 87–104.

9. Berg L.S. Freshwater fishes of the USSR and adjacent countries. Jerusalem: Israel 1116 Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, 1964.

10. Zhuravlev V.B., Solovov V.P. Biology and commercial significance of ide Leuciscus idus, in the upper reaches of the Ob river. Vopr Ikhtiol, 1984, no. 24(2), pp. 232–237.

11. Skovrind M., Olsen M.T., Vieira F.G., Pacheco G., Carl H., Gilbert MTP, Mшller P.R. Genomic population structure of freshwater-resident and anadromous ide (Leuciscus idus) in north-western. Ecol Evol, 2016, no.6(4), pp. 1064–1074.

12. Mandrak N.E., Gantz C., Jones L.A., Marson D., Cudmore B. Evaluation of five freshwater fish screening-level risk assessment protocols and application to nonindigenous organisms in trade in Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2014, 125 pp.

13. Howeth J.G., Gantz C.A., Angermeier P.L., Frimpong E.A., Hoff M.H., Keller R.P., Mandrak N.E., Marchetti M.P., Olden J.D., Romagosa C.M., et al. fecundity influence establishment and impact of non-native freshwater fishes. Divers Distrib, 2016, no.22(2), pp.148—160.

14. Vooren C. 1972. Ecological aspects of the introduction of fish species into natural habitats in Europe, with special reference to the Netherlands. J Fish Biol, no.4(4), pp.565–583.

15. Lever C. The naturalised animals of the British Isles. London (UK): Hutchinson & Co Limited, 1977.

16. Hanel L., Plesn_эk J., Andreska J., Lusk S., Nov_ak J, Pl_э_stil J. Alien fishes in European waters. Zo _Csop Vla_sim / Bulletin Lampetra, 2011, np. 7, pp. 148–185.

17. Harzevili A.S., Vught I., Auwerx J., De Charleroy D. Larval rearing of ide (Leuciscus idus (L.)) using decapsulated Artemia. Arch Polish Fish, 2012, no.2 0, pp. 219–222.

18. Hickley P., Chare S. Fisheries for non-native species in England: angling or the environment? Fish Manage, 2004, no. 11(3-4), pp. 203–212.

19. Smith S.J. The orfe: a fish for all seasons. Trop Fish. Hobbyist, 1995, no. 64(1), pp. 102, 104–105.

20. Hill J.E. 2009. Risk analysis for non-native species in aquaculture. SRAC Publication 4304. Stoneville (MS): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. http://fisheries.tamu.edu/files/2013/09/SRACPublication-No.-4304-Risk-Analysis-for-Non- Native-Species-in-Aquaculture.pdf. Accessed 12 October 2020.

21. Humair F., Edwards P.J., Siegrist M., Kueffer C. Understanding misunderstandings in invasion science: why experts don’t agree on common concepts and risk assessments. NeoBiota, 2014, no. 20, pp. 1–30.

22. Copp G.H., Britton J.R., Cucherousset J., Garcэa-Berthou E., Kirk R., Peeler E.J., Stakenas S. Voracious invader or benign feline? A review of the environmental biology of European catfish Silurus glanis in its native and introduced range. Fish Fish, 2009, no. 10(3), pp. 252–282.

23. Copp G.H., Tarkan A.S., Masson G., Godard M.J., Kosco J., Kovac V., Novomeska A., Miranda R., Cucherousset J., Pedicillo G., et al. A review of growth and lifehistorytraits of native and non-native European populations of black bullhead Ameiurus melas. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 2016, no. 26(3), pp. 441–469.

24. Mehis Rohtla, Lorenzo Vilizzi, Vladimir Kovac, David Almeida, Bernice Brewster, J. Robert Britton, Lukasz Gtowacki, Michael J. Godard, Ruth Kirk, Sarah Nienhuis, Karin H. Olsson, Jan Simonsen, Michal E. Skora, Saulius Stakenas, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Nildeniz Top, Hugo Verreycken, Grzegorz Zi^ba & Gordon H. Copp (2020): Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus idus, Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture. Https:/doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020+822280. — Acessed 01.04.2021.

25. Alekin O.A. Manual for the chemical analysis of land waters. Leningrad, Gidromethioizdat, 1973, p. 262 (in Russian).

26. Kiselev I.A. Plankton research methods. Life of fresh waters, 1956, No. 4, Part 1, p. 163 (in Russian).

27. Methodical recommendations for the collection and processing of materials during hydrobiological research in freshwater reservoirs. Zoobenthos and its products. Leningrad, 1984. P. 52 (in Russian).

28. Romanenko V.I., Kuznetsov S.I. Ecology of fresh water microorganisms. Moscow, Nauka, 1974. P. 194 (in Russian).